Abstract
Background: Manifestation of respiratory allergy to American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is prominent in the subtropical and tropical areas. However, co-existing perennial indoor inhalant allergies frequently compromise clinical diagnosis of cockroach allergy, and the analysis of sensitization pattern is limited by the lack of Periplaneta allergens widely available for component-resolved diagnostics (CRD).Objective: To evaluate a collection of previously described recombinant Periplaneta allergens for CRD in cockroach allergy.Methods: A panel of nine recombinant Periplaneta allergens (Per a 1–5, 7–10) was generated, purified, and subjected to physicochemical characterization by applying circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), amino acid (AA) analysis, and mass spectrometry (MS). Patients (n = 117) from India, Korea, Venezuela, and Iran, reporting perennial respiratory indoor allergies with IgE sensitization to cockroach (P. americana and/or Blattella germanica), were included. The sensitization profile was monitored by the experimental ImmunoCAP testing.Results: ImmunoCAP testing confirmed IgE sensitization to Periplaneta and/or Blattella extract in 98 of 117 patients (r = 0.95). Five out of 117 patients were sensitized to only one of the two cockroach species. Within the whole study group, the prevalence of sensitization to individual allergens varied from 4% (Per a 2) to 50% (Per a 9), with the highest IgE values to Per a 9. Patients from four countries displayed different sensitization profiles at which Per a 3 and Per a 9 were identified as major allergens in India and Korea. Periplaneta-derived lipocalin and myosin light chain were characterized as new minor allergens, designated as Per a 4 and Per a 8. Periplaneta extract showed higher diagnostic sensitivity than all individual components combined, suggesting the existence of allergens yet to be discovered.Conclusion: Utilization of a panel of purified Periplaneta allergens revealed highly heterogeneous sensitization patterns and allowed the classification of lipocalin and myosin light chain from Periplaneta as new minor allergens.
Highlights
The most common indoor aeroallergens are house dust and storage mites, pet dander, mold, and cockroaches [1]
All recombinant Periplaneta allergens were expressed in E. coli as non-fusion as well as N- or C-terminal Histag proteins
Allergens from American cockroach (P. americana) are less investigated in comparison with German cockroach (B. germanica) allergens, and reports on the involvement of individual Periplaneta allergens in allergy related morbidity are inconsistent
Summary
The most common indoor aeroallergens are house dust and storage mites, pet dander, mold, and cockroaches [1]. Cockroach allergy is predominantly caused by Blattella and Periplaneta in temperate and (sub)tropical areas and is a global health problem due to the increasing infestation of cockroaches in human housing environments [3]. It has been suggested that exposure to cockroach allergens appears to have a greater effect on asthma morbidity than dust mite or pet allergens, in particular among inner-city children [2]. Manifestation of respiratory allergy to American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is prominent in the subtropical and tropical areas. Co-existing perennial indoor inhalant allergies frequently compromise clinical diagnosis of cockroach allergy, and the analysis of sensitization pattern is limited by the lack of Periplaneta allergens widely available for component-resolved diagnostics (CRD)
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