Abstract
BackgroundVarious synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs like cocaine, amphetamine type stimulants (ATS), and heroin are produced and processed in clandestine laboratories. Every clan lab has its own procedures and protocols for drug synthesis and processing. A drug can be brought up in different forms like pharmaceutical tablets or raw street powder or any else, depending upon different types of adulterants or diluents and the physical modifications required for its transportation. Since a specific drug is synthesized by various clandestine laboratories, it is likely to have some differences between the two samples due to slightly different synthesis protocols used or the nature and concentration of adulterants. Detailed analysis of drug samples can determine, whether the drug belongs to common source or not. The basic purpose of alterations in physical form is to deceive the law enforcement agencies and to increase the bulk.Case presentationIn this article, a clandestine product of an altered form of a drug was analyzed and reported. Two samples of orange colored “morphia tablets” seized by law enforcement officials were submitted for chemical analysis. Both of the samples were analyzed to determine physical and chemical characteristics. In both samples, the tablets were orange in color. The average weight of a tablet was 58.24 mg for sample A, and 68.85 mg for sample B. Qualitative analysis using GC-MS showed that tablets in sample A were composed of caffeine, dextromethorphan, hydromorphone, acetylcodeine, and heroin, while the tablets in sample B were composed of caffeine, acetylcodeine, heroin, papaverine, and noscapine. The concentration of heroin in sample B was much higher than that in sample A.ConclusionThe analysis of morphia tablets showed that these tablets were an altered form of street heroin. On the basis of variation in weight, heroin concentration, impurities, and adulterants in both the samples analyzed, it can be concluded that they belonged to some different sources. Complete drug profiling for organic and inorganic components of tablets is recommended for future prospective.
Highlights
Various synthetic or semi-synthetic drugs like cocaine, amphetamine type stimulants (ATS), and heroin are produced and processed in clandestine laboratories
The illicit drugs are synthesized from precursors, and street level drugs produced by adding cutting agents in a highly pure drug to increase the bulk (Sulaiman et al, 2017)
Morphia tablets are a rare product of clandestine laboratories, as these are prepared as a unit dosage like pharmaceutical tablets
Summary
The analysis of “morphia tablets” showed that these are composed of varied amounts of heroin and other components such as caffeine, acetylcodiene, dextromethorphan, papaverine, and noscapine. These tablets are merely the altered form of street heroin powder with different color and shape. In Pakistan, normally, the heroin is available as light brown powder while these circular orange tablets are some unique product. The variation in concentration of heroin in tablets can be fatal for abusers (Darke et al, 1999). The difference in chemical composition of samples suggested that these were from two different sources; the complete profiling of tablets is further suggested
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