Abstract
The species and contents of anthocyanins in plant petals can make plants appear pink, red, violet and blue, etc., and play a major role in the coloration of plants. In this study, the species and contents of anthocyanins in the petals of three R. rugosa hybrid cultivars, R. rugosa “Zizhi”, R. rugosa “Fenzizhi” and R. rugosa “Baizizhi”, were analyzed, and the direct cause of the differences in flower color of three R. rugosa hybrid cultivars was inferred. This paper provides a reference for the coloration mechanism and flower color breeding of R. rugosa. The specific methods are as follows: the petals of five flowering stages of three R. rugosa hybrid cultivars were used as materials, and the types and contents of anthocyanins contained in them were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The same six kinds of anthocyanins were identified in R. rugosa “Zizhi” and R. rugosa “Fenzizhi”, mainly based on the diglycoside of paeoniflorin and cyanidin. The relative contents of the two anthocyanins were higher at budding stage and initial opening stage. In the different flowering stages of R. rugosa “Zizhi”, the content of Pn3G5G was up to 4280.84 ± 20.82 μg·g-1, and the content of Cy3G5G was up to 789.41 ± 1.21 μg·g-1. In R. rugosa “Fenzizhi”, the highest content of Pn3G5G reached 1293.50 ± 17.64 μg·g-1, and the content of Cy3G5G was up to 358.86 ± 3.94 μg·g-1. It could be speculated that the difference in the contents of Pn3G5G and Cy3G5G was the main reason for the difference in coloration between the petals of R. rugosa “Zizhi” and R. rugosa “Fenzizhi”. A total of five species of anthocyanins were identified in R. rugosa “Baizizhi” and their contents were relatively low. Compared with R. rugosa “Zizhi” and R. rugosa “Fenzizhi”, the presence of Cy3G was not detected. Therefore, we speculated that the two reasons above might be responsible for the visual white flowers of R. rugosa “Baizizhi”.
Highlights
Rosa rugosa is an important ornamental plant which belongs to the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae
The specific methods are as follows: the petals of five flowering stages of three R. rugosa hybrid cultivars were used as materials, and the types and contents of anthocyanins contained in them were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
This study found that the anthocyanin derivatives in the three R. rugosa petals are mainly diglycoside, which indicated that the structure of the diglycoside anthocyanins in the three R. rugosa hybrid cultivars was very stable, which was consistent with previous reports [24] [25]
Summary
Rosa rugosa is an important ornamental plant which belongs to the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. It is native to China and has a long history of cultivation. It is a precious Chinese herbal medicine, food and industrial raw materials, and an excellent plant material for landscaping and soil and water conservation. The color of most Rosa rugosa varieties is purple, only a few varieties are pink and white, lacking yellow, orange and red flowers [1] [2]. The color of R. rugosa is very simple, which seriously affects its application in landscaping [3]. Understanding the mechanism of R. rugosa color development has become the goal of many researchers
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