COMPLIMENT AS A FORM OF SOCIAL INTERACTION

Abstract

The aim of the article is to analyze the speech act compliment as an integral part of successful interpersonal communication based on the principles and maxims of speech communication of G. P. Grice, R. Lakoff, J. Leech, and in the context of politeness theory of P. Brown and S. Levinson, as well as the study of compliment as a manifestation of conventional, etiquette politeness. The study of this aspect of compliments is carried out within the linguopragmatic approach by the method of continuous sampling, the method of intent analysis and the method of quantitative calculation. The article shows exactly how compliments are realized in the plane of the principles of speech communication and how we distinguish sincere compliments from ironic ones. Therefore, we believe that the expression of ironic compliments violates the principles and maxims of speech communication, because it destroys the communicative balance and harmonious communication between interlocutors. In the proposed work, we consider first of all sincere compliments, which are not included in the Face Threatening Acts according to the classification of P. Brown and S. Levinson. We hold the opinion that ironic compliments only formally, thanks to the tokens of positive evaluation resemble a compliment, in fact, the purpose of the speaker is to offend the interlocutor. The main marker of sincerity is the meaning constructed by the linguistic consciousness of the communicators in the discourse and implemented through a compliment to show a positive, friendly attitude to the interlocutor, express a positive emotional assessment, show good intentions and adhere to the principle of cooperation to preserve your face and the face of the partner. We also distinguish etiquette compliments, which are an element of the conventional strategy of politeness, phatic communication, due to certain socio-cultural norms and rules of etiquette, they are clichéd, ritual, uninformative, and, therefore, do not involve the sincerity of the speaker. As a result of the analysis of the factual material, it is established that such compliments are not inherent in dramatic works of the 18.-20th centuries.