Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in gender affirmation surgery amongst transgender and surgical communities. The rise in the demand for gender-affirming genital surgery will result in more patients seeking care for complications that can develop as a result of these surgeries. The main goal of a vaginoplasty is the construction of a perineogenital complex and vaginal canal that are both functional and feminine in appearance. Penile inversion vaginoplasty is currently the most commonly used technique. This chapter is a review of intraoperative, early, and delayed complications of penile inversion vaginoplasty. We place emphasis on complications that may present to urologists and address the evaluation and management of these conditions.
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