Complications of Type 2 Mellitus Diabetes in the Ecuadorian Population: A Bibliographic Review

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2) is a major public health concern in Ecuador due to its high prevalence and the array of complications it brings to those afflicted. Over recent decades, the incidence of DMT2 has shown a significant increase in Ecuador, impacting the quality of life and the healthcare systems significantly. Objective: the study aims to review and synthesize existing literature on the complications of DMT2 within the Ecuadorian population, highlighting the burdens and management gaps. Methodology: a bibliographic search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, with search terms related to diabetes, nutrition, and complications. Criteria for inclusion were studies relating to DMT2 and its complications conducted in Ecuador and published in either English or Spanish. Data from 30 relevant articles were selected and analyzed based on their content and focus. Results: the findings revealed a worrisome increase in mortality associated with DMT2, with 4,895 deaths recorded in 2017 and an increase to 5,051 in 2022, making it a leading cause of death in Ecuador. Frequent complications include severe cardiovascular issues, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy, each significantly affecting patient mortality and quality of life. The review highlighted deficiencies in the prevention and management of DMT2, noting the insufficiency of current strategies against established risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, sedentarism, and smoking. Conclusion: the review emphasizes the critical need to strengthen public health policies and educational and self-care programs for diabetes in Ecuador. Enhancements in these areas could significantly reduce the disease's burden and improve health outcomes for the Ecuadorian population