Complications of facial autologous fat grafting

Abstract

Autologous fat grafting is a commonly performed procedure for facial volume augmentation and rejuvenation. While overall complication rates in the literature are low, adverse events related to fat grafting can range from minor to systemic and severe. It is crucial that the surgeon be aware of these potential complications, counsel patients appropriately, and take the necessary steps to mitigate these risks. Local graft site complications include contour irregularity, over- or under-volumization, prolonged edema and ecchymosis, fat necrosis, granuloma formation, and infection. Similar complications can also be seen at the donor sites, including contour irregularity, prolonged induration or erythema, infection, and skin pigmentation changes. Finally, the most severe complications, resulting from fat embolism due to intravascular injection, can result in vision loss or stroke. In this review, risk factors for adverse events, surgical techniques to mitigate risk, and potential treatment options for complications of autologous fat grafting are reviewed.