Complications and management of natural orifice specimen extraction in colorectal cancer: a narrative review

Abstract

Background and Objective: Surgery is the principal treatment for colorectal cancer today. As minimally invasive surgical approaches develop, the mini-laparotomy has been used for specimen extraction. To reduce the pain and incision-related complications associated with mini-laparotomy incisions, the technique of natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) has been developed and gained popularity over the years. In colorectal surgery, depending on the tumor location and gender of the patient, transanal, transrectal, transcolonic or transvaginal (TV) NOSE routes can be chosen as an addition to laparoscopic surgery. While the advantages of the NOSE technique are well documented, complications, the management of complications and postoperative outcomes can still be challenging. The purpose of this review article is to analyze complications of nose in colorectal cancer surgery and their treatment.