Complications after pressure ulcer surgery – a study of 118 operations in spinal cord injured patients

Abstract

Our aim in this study was to examine which factors are associated with post-operative complications after surgery for pressure ulcers in individuals with spinal cord injury. We performed a retrospective cohort study including all spinal cord injured patients undergoing pressure ulcer surgery in our department between 2002 and 2019. Patient demographics and comorbidity were collected from medical records, as were treatment data and information on post-operative complications within 30 days. Assessment of outcomes was performed through t-tests, χ2-tests and ANOVA. Out of 118 operations, 51 (43%) had a post-operative complication of any kind. The vast majority (44 cases, 86% of all complications) had minor complications (Clavien–Dindo grade I or II). Seven patients (6%) had a complication of Clavien–Dindo grade III or higher, requiring return to theatre or ICU care. We found that a higher age, a low serum albumin (<3.5 g/dl), and over or underweight, were associated with an increased risk of complications (p < 0.05). Out of 143 treated ulcers, 132 were evaluated at a follow-up visit one to two months after surgery, and 99 of these (75%) were healed. Surgery of pressure ulcers in patients with spinal cord injury is not a low-risk venture, however, few patients will suffer serious post-operative complications. A majority of treated ulcers will heal shortly post-operatively. A number of risk factors are associated with post-operative complications, which can be of help to guide patient selection in the future.