Abstract
Compliance of Indoor Air Contaminants within the Main Prayer Halls of Mosques in Malacca with Malaysia's Indoor Air Quality Standard
Highlights
Mosques are a tourist attraction in Malacca and have been visited by locals and outsiders since Malacca was declared a heritage city in 2008
The objective of this study was to assess the level of compliance to the guideline limit in Industrial Code of Practice (ICOP) of nine indoor air contaminants, namely, total volatile organic compound (TVOC), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (CH2O), particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM5 and PM10) and carbon dioxide (CO2), during Dhuhr/Friday and Asr prayer times in the main prayer halls of mosques
The indoor air contaminants were divided into chemical air contaminants (TVOC, O3, CO and CH2O), respirable particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM5 and PM10) and ventilation performance indicator (CO2)
Summary
Mosques are a tourist attraction in Malacca and have been visited by locals and outsiders since Malacca was declared a heritage city in 2008. For Muslims, mosques represent places of great importance and are unique in their functions and operations. Worshipers or congregators need to feel comfortable, calm and peaceful during their prayers (salāh) or while performing other religious activities within the main prayer halls of mosques. The main prayer hall of a mosque is an indoor space accessible to Muslims and the public. The hall is occupied at least five times a day because Muslims commonly perform five compulsory prayers (salāh) daily. The prayer times and durations vary corresponding to areas, regions
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