Abstract
The Morse–Hedlund Theorem states that a bi-infinite sequence η in a finite alphabet is periodic if and only if there exists n∈N such that the block complexity function Pη(n) satisfies Pη(n)≤n. In dimension two, Nivat conjectured that if there exist n,k∈N such that the n×k rectangular complexity Pη(n,k) satisfies Pη(n,k)≤nk, then η is periodic. Sander and Tijdeman showed that this holds for k≤2. We generalize their result, showing that Nivat’s Conjecture holds for k≤3. The method involves translating the combinatorial problem to a question about the nonexpansive subspaces of a certain Z2 dynamical system, and then analyzing the resulting system.
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