Abstract

Computational Complexity Questions, such as trying to prove that the NP-complete problem three colorability of graphs (3COLOR) cannot be checked in polynomial time, seemed deceptively simple when I first encountered them as a grad student in the 1970's. So many years later, we still don't even know whether 3COLOR is in the uniform circuit class ACC 0 6 , or equivalently, whether it is expressible in first-order logic with sum mod 6 quantifiers and numeric relations +, *.

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