Complexity analysis of dynamical cylinder in massive Brans–Dicke gravity

Abstract

In this paper, a complexity factor is devised for a non-static cylindrical system in the framework of massive Brans–Dicke theory. The definition of complexity is developed by taking into account the essential physical characteristics (such as anisotropy and inhomogeneity.) of the system. In order to determine the complexity factor of the self-gravitating object, we acquire structure scalars from the orthogonal splitting of the Riemann tensor. Moreover, we discuss two patterns of evolution and choose the homologous mode as the simplest pattern under the influence of massive scalar field. We derive solutions in the absence as well as the presence of heat dissipation for a specific form of the scalar field. The factors that induce complexity in an initially complexity-free system are also examined. It is concluded that the massive scalar field as well as heat dissipation contribute to the complexity of the celestial system. Thus, a dynamical cylinder is more complex as compared to its static counterpart.