Abstract
The research presented in this paper is part of a larger project concerning deformation behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties of high-manganese steels with different chemical compositions and processed under various conditions. The current investigation deals with the development of microstructure and crystallographic texture of Fe-21.2Mn-2.73Al-2.99Si steel deformed in tension until fracture at ambient temperature. The deformation process of the examined steel turned out to be complex and included not only dislocation slip and twinning but also strain induced phase transformations (γ → ε) and (γ → α′). The formation of ε-martensite with hexagonal structure was observed within the microstructure of the steel starting from the range of lower strains. With increasing deformation degree, the α′-martensite showing a cubic structure gradually began to form. Attempts have been made to explain the circumstances or conditions for the occurrence of the deformation mechanisms mentioned above and their impact on the mechanical properties. The obtained results indicate that the strength and plastic properties of the steel substantially exceed those of plain carbon steels. Since both, mechanical twinning and the strain-induced phase transformations took place during deformation, it seems that both types of deformation mechanisms contributed to an increase in the mechanical properties of the examined manganese steel.
Highlights
The aim of this work was to analyze and explain deformation behavior and microstructure development leading to an increase in mechanical properties of high manganese steel with an estimated stacking fault energy (SFE) value of 14 mJ/m2, subjected to uniaxial tensile deformation at ambient temperature
This tensile curve clearly shows that the strength and plastic properties of Fe-21.2Mn-2.73Al-2.99 steel substantially exceed those of plain carbon steels [43]
Fe-21.2Mn-2.73Al-2.99Si steel after the successive degrees of deformation. This diagram shows unequivocally that the microhardness of the examined steel increased significantly with the increasing deformation, reaching a value close to 400 HV0.1 after the fracture. This value is more than two times higher than the microhardness of the steel measured in the initial state, which was about 175 HV0.1
Summary
It should be emphasized that due to high impact strength, hardenability, and resistance to abrasion, the interest in manganese steels has always been very high, starting with their invention by Hadfield in 1882. The currently produced grades of highmanganese steels show an excellent combination of strength and ductility [1,2,3,4,5]. These alloys are usually classified as high-performance steels. They offer ultra-high strength of structural reinforcements, excellent ductility in press forming processes and high energy absorption capacity improving impact resistance, which is crucial in vehicle collisions [1,2]
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