Abstract
Abstract ‘Complex physical systems’ considers the characteristics of complex physical systems (CPS), which are often geometric (specifically, lattice-like) arrays of elements, in which interactions typically depend only on effects propagated from nearest neighbors. The elements of a CPS follow fixed physical laws, usually expressed by differential equations—Newton’s laws of gravity and Maxwell’s laws of electromagnetism are cases in point. Neither the laws nor the elements change over time; only the positions of the elements change. CPS show several properties: self-organized criticality, self-similarity, scaling, and power laws. Examples of these properties—such as, snowflake curves, fractals, networks, dynamics, and symmetry-breaking—are discussed.
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