Abstract
Accompanied with the increasing complicated global value chain (GVC) networks is the carbon emission transfers among countries. Utilizing the complex network analysis alongside quadratic assignment procedure (QAP), this paper detects the community structure and influencing forces of the emission transfers under GVCs. The results imply that the bipolar structure of the network transformed gradually to tripolar owing largely to the surging of carbon emissions from China. Evidence on the existence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in the emission transfers from high-income countries to low-income countries, and a U-shape relationship transfers in the reverse direction, suggesting that growing carbon emissions from both low- and high-income countries transferred to other high-income countries gradually. Gaps in technology, especially in patent applications, between source and destination countries played an important role therein.
Highlights
The Leaders Summit on Climate in April 2021 put the carbon emission restrictions again in the spotlight
In 2000, carbon emissions of manufacturing industries in Russia amounted to 72.42 million metric tons (Mt), accounting for 17.93% of EGVC worldwide
Flowing behind was Russia, EGVC of which rose to 125.12 Mt, 12.42% of total, 54.03% from sector 13
Summary
The Leaders Summit on Climate in April 2021 put the carbon emission restrictions again in the spotlight. As a matter of fact, the rapid development of global value chain (GVC) networks intensify the multinational carbon emission transfer, making it more cumbersome and difficult to account and harmonize the carbon responsibility. The time one country or area specializes in one or more production stages in GVCs, carbon emissions embodied in the exported value added are transferred to other countries at the same time. Value added flows within GVCs intensify the carbon emission transfers among countries or regions, bringing more difficulties in coordinating the responsibilities for carbon emissions. This study on the complex network analysis of carbon emission transfers under GVCs attempts to explore the key influencing factors and figure out the efficient carbon reduction measures for the sake of promoting carbon neutrality, which is an urgent and tricky issue for developing countries, in particular China
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