Abstract
The complex structural behavior of strontium under high pressure has been studied using angle-dispersive x-ray powder-diffraction techniques. The previously unknown structure of Sr-IV is found to be monoclinic, with space group $\mathit{I}a$ and 12 atoms per unit cell, and is a helical distortion of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-tin structure of Sr-III. This structure has not been observed before in an element. Sr-IV is stable from $37.7(2)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}46.3(3)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ where it transforms to the composite incommensurate Sr-V phase. Diffraction patterns over the small range from $36.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}37.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ cannot be fitted completely by either Sr-III or Sr-IV. The previously identified minority phase of unknown structure that appears at the Sr-II to Sr-III transition persists through Sr-IV and Sr-V.
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