Abstract
The magnetic ground-state of copper metaborate ${\mathrm{CuB}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ was investigated with unpolarized and polarized neutron scattering. A phase transition was found at ${T}_{N}=21\mathrm{K}$ to a commensurate weakly ferromagnetic state followed by a second transition at ${T}^{*}=10\mathrm{K}$ to an incommensurate magnetic structure. Neutron diffraction revealed a continuously changing magnetic propagation vector below ${T}^{*},$ and unusually asymmetric magnetic satellite reflections. Additionally, diffuse scattering is observed in the temperature range $1.5\mathrm{K}l~Tl~30\mathrm{K}.$ The magnetic structure determined in both phases are shown to be consistent with results of symmetry analysis. In particular, we find that only one of the two inequivalent ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ sublattice fully orders down to the lowest temperature. Our results show that the complex magnetic behavior of copper metaborate is a consequence of mutual interaction between the two ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ sublattices with different ordering temperatures.
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