Abstract
AJR:204, February 2015 Disease Epidemiology Esophageal injuries are classified into two broad subcategories: iatrogenic and noniatrogenic. Iatrogenic injuries represent more than half of all cases and have been reported to represent as many as 59% of cases, with endoscopic injury being the most common cause [1]. Although the relative incidence of esophageal injury during endoscopy is low (< 0.04%), because of its overall prevalence, it represents the most common cause of iatrogenic esophageal injury [2]. Noniatrogenic esophageal injuries are most commonly spontaneous perforations occurring after foreign body ingestion (15% of cases), food impaction or vomiting (12% of cases), and trauma (9% of cases) [1]. The average mortality rate is 19% for iatrogenic esophageal injury, compared with 36% for noniatrogenic causes. This difference in mortality results from the subacute nature of many noniatrogenic injuries leading to a delay in diagnosis and treatment [3].
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