Abstract
Complex High Turnover in Bone Metabolism Impairs Bone Quality in Female Long-Distance Runners with Menstrual Disorders
Highlights
Female athletes are at risk of menstrual disorder and osteoporosis as a result of the relative energy deficiency caused by their sporting activities [1,2]
We have elected to describe this distinct pattern of bone metabolism as ‘complex high turnover’, mainly a combination of high bone absorption related to menstrual disorder and high bone formation as a result of repeated microdamage caused by running
Markers of bone absorption and formation were significantly elevated in female long-distance runners with menstrual disorders compared with healthy young women, and there were positive correlations between the markers
Summary
Female athletes are at risk of menstrual disorder and osteoporosis as a result of the relative energy deficiency caused by their sporting activities [1,2]. Stress fracture occurs when there is an imbalance between bone formation and bone absorption as a result of repeated cyclic loading [3], which is common in female athletes and may prevent them from running for prolonged periods. The prevalence of stress fracture is significantly higher in female long-distance runners than women who participate in other sports [4,5], its incidence is reportedly as high as 50% per year [6]. Female athletes are at risk as a result of reduced bone mineral density, low body weight and chronic menstrual disorders [7,8,9]. It has been challenging to identify athletes at high risk for stress fracture so as to prevent them, because the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms causing stress fracture remain elusive [10]
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