Complex Exercise Improves Anti-Inflammatory and Anabolic Effects in Osteoarthritis-Induced Sarcopenia in Elderly Women.

Jaeyong Park,Jungchul Lee,Jongjin Bae

doi:10.3390/healthcare9060711

Jaeyong Park, Jungchul Lee + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060711

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Abstract

We investigated the effects of a 15-week complex exercise program on osteoarthritis and sarcopenia by analyzing anabolic effects and the impact on the activities of daily living (ADLs). Nineteen women aged ≥60 years with sarcopenia (SEG, n = 9) or diagnosed with osteoarthritis with sarcopenia (OSEG, n = 10) were enrolled and underwent an exercise program. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), irisin, myostatin, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) levels were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. Thigh cross-sectional area (TCSA) was measured pre- and post-intervention via computed tomography. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPBB) were assessed pre- and post-interventions to assess ADL. There was a significant interaction effect between SEG and OSEG at the IGF-1 level post-intervention. Irisin increased and myostatin decreased post-intervention in both groups. IL-10 increased and TNF-α decreased post-intervention with a significant interaction effect in the OSEG group. TCSAs increased post-intervention in both groups. There was a significant interaction between the two groups. OSEG showed a greater WOMAC decrease and SPPB increase post-intervention, and there was a significant interaction effect. Combined exercise may be effective in improving biochemical factors, anabolic effects, and ADL in elderly women with osteoarthritis and sarcopenia.

Highlights

Elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels increase the anabolic effects on muscles by inhibiting the rapamycin signaling, and inflammatory cytokines have an antagonistic effect on muscle synthesis by diminishing circulating and muscular insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 levels [2]
Myostatin (Mstn), an extracellular cytokine, is a transforming growth factor (TGF) that hinders the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and growth
This study investigated the positive effects of exercise in elderly women with sarcopenia and OA by examining changes in their muscle cross-sectional surface area and physiological parameters, such as blood markers related to myokines, after the exercise intervention

Summary

Introduction

Inflammatory markers are involved in age-related loss of muscle mass. Elevated TNF-α levels increase the anabolic effects on muscles by inhibiting the rapamycin signaling, and inflammatory cytokines have an antagonistic effect on muscle synthesis by diminishing circulating and muscular insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 levels [2]. Interleukin (IL)-10 concentration in the blood is known to inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and increases in cytokine levels as a result of aging are believed to be closely associated with sarcopenia [3]. Myostatin (Mstn), an extracellular cytokine, is a transforming growth factor (TGF) that hinders the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and growth. Mstn is exclusively expressed in skeletal muscles, where it inhibits the differentiation and proliferation of myoblasts through an antagonistic effect on IGF-1 or follistatin [4]. Yarasheski et al [5]

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