Complex dynamics of a diffusive predator–prey model with strong Allee effect and threshold harvesting

Abstract

In this paper, complex dynamics of a diffusive predator–prey model is investigated, where the prey is subject to strong Allee effect and threshold harvesting. The existence and stability of nonnegative constant steady state solutions are discussed. The existence and nonexistence of nonconstant positive steady state solutions are analyzed to identify the ranges of parameters of pattern formation. Spatially homogeneous and nonhomogeneous Hopf bifurcation and discontinuous Hopf bifurcation are proved. These results show that the introduction of strong Allee effect and threshold harvesting increases the system spatiotemporal complexity. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to validate the theoretical results.