Abstract
The paper analyzes operating conditions of hydraulic structures, as well as the main types of external influence with temperature and humidity variations. The purpose of the research is to highlight the main parameters which will be able to assess the actual durability of concrete hydraulic structures in the process of their design. The authors use methods developed in Samara Architecture and Civil Engineering Institute to determine concrete physical and mechanical characteristics. Thus, these methods help accurately assess concrete durability, frost resistance and water resistance. These methods are based on theoretical studies of the processes of concrete destruction by means of non-destructive acoustic methods. The the energy conception developed by A.A. Griffits and S.N. Zhurkova's kinetic serve as a scientific basis for the methods. Theoretical research and its analysis of concrete destruction processes from various kinds of external influence was confirmed by results of standard measurements. The research showed that durability of concrete, that is speed of its destruction, depended on two groups of physical and mechanical characteristics. One of the groups evaluates the initial structure of concrete, while the second group characterizes the speed of the material loading . The paper proposes a forecasting method of frost resistance and water-resisting properties of concrete according to its physical-mechanical characteristics. It also introduces an indicator of their assessment which is named the length of the reduced crack. The proposed indicator has a good correlation with frost resistance and water-resisting properties . Besides, the proposed method can be used not only in laboratory conditions, but also in construction production directly on the construction site.
Highlights
Most concrete structures operate under conditions of intensive environmental impact [1,2,3,4,5]
The complexity of the task is due to the fact that the existing standard methods for determining the frost resistance and water resistance of concrete are very time-consuming, performed on bulky, energy-intensive equipment and only in the laboratory
The determination of frost resistance and water resistance are based on theoretical studies of the processes of destruction [27,28,29,30]
Summary
Most concrete structures operate under conditions of intensive environmental impact [1,2,3,4,5]. Effects on concrete structures can be mechanical, chemical, thermal, radiation, etc.Temperature variation during the year can vary widely over 1000 C, and humidity-from 0% to 100%. There is always a hydrostatic pressure [6], which leads to leaks in the concrete body. The task of the designers and manufacturers of concrete structures is the design and production of such concrete, which can be exploited in normative time without carrying out any activities on repair and the maintenance of stable working state structures
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