Abstract
The dynamics of bubble deformation has significant impacts on two-phase flow fundamentals such as bubble induced turbulence and flow regime transition. Despite the significant progress achieved by experimental studies on bubble deformation, certain limitations still exist especially for wide-range datasets. To significantly expand the flow conditions available from experiments, direct numerical simulation (DNS) is utilized to study the bubble-liquid interactions using finite-element solver with level-set interface capturing method. Different from conventional investigations of bubble rising and deforming in stagnant liquids, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) bubble controller is leveraged to maintain the bubble location in uniform liquid flow. This paper evaluates the reliability and reproducibility of the PID bubble controller for complex bubble deformation studies through a comprehensive set of verification and validation studies. An improved bubble deformation map is developed, based on Weber number and bubble Reynolds number, showing six zones for different deformation and break-up mechanisms. This research aims at producing virtual experiment level data source using interface resolved DNS and shedding light into the physics of interface dynamics. The insights obtained can be further incorporated in improved multiphase CFD models to guide the engineering designs and industrial processes where bubble deformation and break-up play a pivotal role.
Highlights
Bubble deformation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in gas– liquid two-phase flow and has significant impacts on various interface related flow physics
Followed by a verification and validation (V&V) of the presented approach solutions, with published results, the capability and precision of the PID bubble controller are assessed in revealing complex bubble deformation and break-up behaviors
Understanding of bubble deformation and break-up dynamics is important for modeling two-phase flow behavior in a variety of conditions
Summary
Bubble deformation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in gas– liquid two-phase flow and has significant impacts on various interface related flow physics. Severe deformation may result in bubble break-up, which leads to more complex flow regimes. One such example is the slug bubble during the slug-to-churn flow regime transition (Zimmer and Bolotnov, 2019). Fundamental studies on bubble deformation and break-up could help reveal the underneath mechanisms and produce improved predictive models. This in turn will lead to optimized engineering designs (e.g., nuclear, thermal, and chemical reactors) and industrial processes (e.g., purification of polluted water, and the charging of plasma bubbles) where bubble deformation and break-up play a pivotal role (Yamatake et al, 2007; Guillen et al, 2018)
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