Abstract

Stochastic fluctuations of IKs in the presence of cell-to-cell uncoupling lead to temporal variability of action potential duration and subsequent early afterdepolarizations, which occur in late phase 2 or phase 3 of the cardiac action potential, could propagate through cardiac tissue and generate ventricular arrhythmias [1,2]. However, surface ECG imposes well-recognized limitations for repolarization assessment: dependence on particular ECG lead axis and inaccuracies in the T end detection. In contrast, vectorcardiograms (VCGs) have advantages in their description of repolarization [3].

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