Completeness and Reliability of the Republic of South Africa National Tuberculosis (TB) Surveillance System.

Laura Jean Podewils,Nonkqubela Bantubani,Liza E Bronner,Claire Bristow,Lerole David Mametja,Alexander Pym,Annatjie Peters

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2117-3

Abstract

BackgroundAccurate surveillance data are paramount to effective TB control. The Republic of South Africa’s National TB Control Program (NTP) has conducted TB surveillance since 1995 and adopted the Electronic TB Register (ETR) in 2005. This evaluation aimed to determine the completeness and reliability of data in the Republic of South Africa’s TB Surveillance System.MethodsThree of nine provinces, three subdistricts per province, and 54 health facilities were selected by stratified random sampling. At each facility, 30 (or all if <30) patients diagnosed in Quarter 1 2009 were randomly selected for review. Patient information was evaluated across two paper and four electronic sources. Completeness of program indicators between paper and electronic sources was compared with chi-square tests. The kappa statistic was used to evaluate agreement of values.ResultsOver one-third (33.7 %) of all persons with presumptive TB recorded as smear positive in the TB Suspect Register did not have any records documenting notification, treatment, or management for TB disease. Of 1339 persons with a record as a TB patient at the facility, 1077 (80 %) were recorded in all data sources. Over 98 % of records contained complete age and sex data. Completeness varied for HIV status (53-86 %; p < 0.001) and DOT during the intensive phase of treatment (17-54 %; p < 0.001). Agreement for sex was excellent across sources (kappa 0.94); moderate for patient type (0.78), treatment regimen (0.79), treatment outcome (0.71); and poor for HIV status (0.33).ConclusionsThe current evaluation revealed that one-third of persons diagnosed with TB disease may not have been notified of their disease or initiated on treatment (‘initial defaulters’). The ETR is not capturing all TB patients. Further, among patients with a TB record, completeness and reliability of information in the TB Surveillance System is inconsistent across data sources. Actions are urgently needed to ensure that all diagnosed patients are treated and managed and improve the integrity of surveillance information.

Highlights

IntroductionThe Republic of South Africa’s National TB Control Program (NTP) has conducted TB surveillance since 1995 and adopted the Electronic TB Register (ETR) in 2005
Accurate surveillance data are paramount to effective TB control
A full listing of National TB Control Program (NTP) facilities managing TB patients was obtained for each subdistrict, and facilities were categorized as rural or urban based on National Statistics and consultation with district TB program managers [14]

Summary

Introduction

The Republic of South Africa’s National TB Control Program (NTP) has conducted TB surveillance since 1995 and adopted the Electronic TB Register (ETR) in 2005. This evaluation aimed to determine the completeness and reliability of data in the Republic of South Africa’s TB Surveillance System. Accurate surveillance data are crucial to plan, implement, and evaluate TB control programs. Periodic evaluations of surveillance systems are critical to ensure the data are accurate and reliable and to guide public health programs [9]. A WHO-led review of the NTP in July 2009 emphasized the need to systematically evaluate the TB Surveillance System in South Africa [12]. The committee recommended a comprehensive validation of the TB Surveillance System

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