Abstract

Four Trichiurus species, T.japonicus, T.lepturus, T.nanhaiensis, and T.brevis, from the coasts of the China Seas, have been identified and their entire mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have been sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology. A comparative analysis of five mitogenomes was conducted, including the mitogenome of T.gangeticus. The mitogenomes contained 16.568–16.840 bp and encoded 36 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding, 2 ribosomal RNA-coding, and 21 transfer RNA-coding genes) and two typical noncoding control regions. Although tRNAPro is absent from Trichiurus mitogenomes, when compared with the 22 tRNAs reported in other vertebrates, the gene arrangements in the mitogenomes of the studied species are consistent with those in most teleost mitogenomes. The full-length sequences and protein-coding genes (PCGs) in the mitogenomes of the five species had obvious AT biases and negative GC skew values. Our study indicate that the specimens in the Indian Ocean are neither T.lepturus nor T.nanhaiensis but they are T.gangeticus; the Trichiurus species composition in the Indian Ocean is totally different from that in Pacific and Atlantic oceans; there are at least two Trichiurus species in Indian Ocean; and the worldwide systematics and diversity of the genus Trichiurus need to be reviewed.

Highlights

  • The cutlassfishes include ten genera and 47 species in Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes (ECoF, Fricke et al 2021)

  • The phylogenetic trees reconstructed within Maximum likelihood (ML) and NJ were identical

  • After BLAST, we ensured these four lineages corresponded to four Trichiurus species: T. japonicus (n = 958), T. lepturus (n = 27), T. nanhaiensis (n = 120) and T. brevis (n = 206)

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Summary

Introduction

The cutlassfishes include ten genera and 47 species in Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes (ECoF, Fricke et al 2021). These species are predatory fishes in the family Trichiuridae (Scombriformes) and found in seas throughout the world (Nelson et al 2016). As many as 31 nominal species of the genus Trichiurus have been described to date, but only nine are valid species (FishBase, Froese and Pauly 2021). According to ECof, Trichiurus has 31 nominal names and eleven valid species. Chakraborty et al (2006a) established that T. japonicus is a valid species based on the differences in mitochondrial 16S rRNA. Burhanuddin and Parin (2008) proved the validity of T. nitens based on the morphometric parameters

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