Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of two DNA barcode-defined haplotypes of Metcalfa pruinosa and one of Salurnis marginella (Hemiptera: Flatidae) were sequenced and compared to those of other Fulgoroidea species. Furthermore, the mitogenome sequences were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among fulgoroid families. The three mitogenomes, including that of the available species of Flatidae, commonly possessed distinctive structures in the 1702–1836 bp A+T-rich region, such as two repeat regions at each end and a large centered nonrepeat region. All members of the superfamily Fulgoroidea, including the Flatidae, consistently possessed a motiflike sequence (TAGTA) at the ND1 and trnS2 junction. The phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered the familial relationships of (((((Ricaniidae + Issidae) + Flatidae) + Fulgoridae) + Achilidae) + Derbidae) in the amino acid-based analysis, with the placement of Cixiidae and Delphacidae as the earliest-derived lineages of fulgoroid families, whereas the monophyly of Delphacidae was not congruent between tree-constructing algorithms.
Highlights
In Auchenorrhyncha, the sequences of 558 mitogenomes are available for the infraorder Fulgoromorpha, which consists of the monotypic superfamily Fulgoroidea and comprises 13,428 species of 2350 genera in 21 families, but approximately half of these are from the same species (e.g., Lycorma delicatula in Fulgoridae) [1,2]
CytB using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods, respectively. (J) Zhang et al [11] based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) of mitochondrial genomes, using the Neighbor-Joining method. (K,L) Song et al [15] based on 13 PCG, 22 tRNA, and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of mitogenomes, using the ML and BI methods, respectively. (M) Huang and Qin [13]
The mitogenome sizes of the two M. pruinosa haplotypes (H1 and H3) and S. marginella were 16,312, 16,314, and 16,126 bp, respectively, which were well within the range previously reported for complete mitogenomes of Fulgoroidea, and the same is true for the number of codons of 3656, 3656, and 3637, respectively, excluding termination codons (Table 1; Table S3)
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Diversity, genomic characteristics, diversity of rearrangement, and phylogenetic inferthe illustration of phylogenetic relationships among fulgoroid families, a diverse ence For set ofFor morphological characteristics has been scrutinized, including thefamilies, number aofdiverse spines the illustration of phylogenetic relationships among fulgoroid on second segment of the hind tarsi [24], scrutinized, primarily for adult morphology, set the of morphological characteristics has been including the numberincluding of spines the female genitalia [25], adult and larval female genitalia on the second segment of the hind tarsi [24],morphology primarily for[26], adultadult morphology, including[27], the and larval metatarsi.
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