Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is an important leafy vegetable worldwide. The development of F1 hybrids in celery is highly dependent on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) because emasculation is difficult. In this study, we first report a celery CMS, which was found in a high-generation inbred line population of the Chinese celery “tanzhixiangqin”. Comparative analysis, following sequencing and assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences for this celery CMS line and its maintainer line, revealed that there are 21 unique regions in the celery CMS line and these unique regions contain 15 ORFs. Among these ORFs, only orf768a is a chimeric gene, consisting of 1497 bp sequences of the cox1 gene and 810 bp unidentified sequences located in the unique region, and the predicted protein product of orf768a possesses 11 transmembrane domains. In summary, the results of this study indicate that orf768a is likely to be a strong candidate gene for CMS induction in celery. In addition, orf768a can be a co-segregate marker, which can be used to screen CMS in celery.
Highlights
Celery (Apium graveolens L., 2n = 2× = 22), an annual or biennial herbage species that belongs to the family Apiaceae, is one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide.Because celery has numerous small flowers and the maturation stage of male and female flowers is inconsistent, manual emasculation in celery is extremely difficult
There was no significant difference in vegetative growth between the celery cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and maintainer lines, except when they bloom
The celery CMS line can be divided into two types: one type is characterized by the complete degeneration of the stamen, showing no filaments and anthers (Figure 1c,d); the other type is characterized by the incomplete degeneration of the stamen, showing shortened filaments, withered anther that was not dehiscent, and no pollen dispersal (Figure 1e,f)
Summary
Celery (Apium graveolens L., 2n = 2× = 22), an annual or biennial herbage species that belongs to the family Apiaceae, is one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide. Because celery has numerous small flowers and the maturation stage of male and female flowers is inconsistent, manual emasculation in celery is extremely difficult. Emasculation can be avoided using the male sterile line, which can significantly reduce the cost of commercial hybrid seed production in celery. Male sterility can be classified into two types: genic male sterility (GMS) and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Compared to GMS, CMS is more widely used because of the 100% maintenance ability of male sterility. CMS has been successfully used in production of many commercial F1 seeds, such as rice, maize, Chinese cabbage, and pepper [1,2]
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