Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Trichuristrichiura from Macaca sylvanus and Papio papio.

Julia Rivero,Rocío Callejón,Cristina Cutillas

doi:10.3390/life11020126

Abstract

Trichuriasis is among the most prevalent worldwide parasitism caused by helminths. For many years, Trichuris spp. have been described with a relatively narrow range of both morphological and biometrical features. The use of the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is an alternative and powerful molecular method for inferring phylogenies. Here, we present an overview of the contributions of mitogenome for Trichuris spp. from human and non-human primates. In addition, we carry out structural and phylogenetic comparative analyses with genomes of Trichuris species available in public datasets. The complete mt genomes of Trichuris trichiura and Trichuris sp. from Macaca sylvanus and T. trichiura from Papio papio are 14,091 bp, 14,047 bp and 14,089 bp in length, respectively. The three mt genomes are circular and consist of 37 genes—13 PCGs (cox1–3, nad1–6, nad4L, atp6, atp8 and cob), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two rRNAs (rrnL and rrnS). The molecular evidence presented here supports the hypothesis that T. trichiura de M. sylvanus (TMF31) and T. trichiura de P. papio (TPM1) were similar but genetically different with respect to Trichuris sp. from macaques (TMM5). The phylogenetic study also supported the evolution of the different Trichuris species. In conclusion, we suggest the existence of two cryptic species parasitizing M. sylvanus.

Highlights

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) (Ascaris lumbricoides (Ascariasis), Trichuris trichiura (Trichuriasis)) and hookworms (Ancylostomiasis/Necatoriasis) are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, with the greatest numbers occurring in sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, China, and East Asia [1]
All genes are transcribed from the heavy strand, except four protein coding genes (PCGs) and 10 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) that are transcribed from the light strand
The mt genomes of Trichuris sp. contain an AT-rich region consisting of two noncoding regions (NCRs), including a long non-coding region (NCR-L) and short non-coding region (NCR-S)

Summary

Introduction

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) (Ascaris lumbricoides (Ascariasis), Trichuris trichiura (Trichuriasis)) and hookworms (Ancylostomiasis/Necatoriasis) are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, with the greatest numbers occurring in sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, China, and East Asia [1]. Trichuriasis is a seriously neglected disease, in recent years hereditary studies are increasing as well as related methodologies that provide new opportunities for the discovery of novel intervention strategies, with major implications for improving animal and human health and welfare globally [3]. The implications of genomic studies could be very relevant in relation to the search for new treatments for immunopathological diseases in humans [4,5,6,7,8,9]. It has been reported that infections of human patients suffering from immunological disorders (such as Crohn’s disease) suppress clinical symptoms significantly with pig-Trichuris eggs [6,10,11,12]

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