Abstract
Rhodeuscyanorostris Li, Liao & Arai, 2020 is a freshwater fish that is endemic to China and restricted to Chengdu City in Sichuan Province. This study is the first to sequence and characterize the complete mitochondrial genome of R.cyanorostris. The mitogenome of R.cyanorostris is 16580 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The base composition of the sequence is 28.5% A, 27.6% C, 26.4% T, and 17.5% G, with a bias toward A+T. The genome structure, nucleotide composition, and codon usage of the mitogenome of R.cyanorostris are consistent with those of other species of Rhodeus. To verify the molecular phylogeny of the genus Rhodeus, we provide new insights to better understand the taxonomic status of R.cyanorostris. The phylogenetic trees present four major clades based on 19 mitogenomic sequences from 16 Rhodeus species. Rhodeuscyanorostris exhibits the closest phylogenetic relationship with R.pseudosericeus, R.amarus, and R.sericeus. This study discloses the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of R.cyanorostris for the first time and provides the most comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Rhodeus based on whole mitochondrial genome sequences. The information obtained in this study will provide new insights for conservation, phylogenetic analysis, and evolutionary biology research.
Highlights
The cyprinid subfamily Acheilognathinae are small freshwater fish commonly known as bitterlings
The main purpose of the current study is to disclose the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of R. cyanorostris for the first time and to construct a phylogenetic tree based on complete mitogenome sequences to elucidate the molecular phylogenetic relationship between R. cyanorostris and other species of Rhodeus
The complete mitochondrial genome of Rhodeus cyanorostris had a total length of 16580 bp (Fig. 1)
Summary
The cyprinid subfamily Acheilognathinae are small freshwater fish commonly known as bitterlings. These fish are characterized by their compressed body and their unique spawning strategy of depositing their eggs through extended spawning tubes into the gill cavity of live freshwater mussels and clams, where they hatch and develop until the juvenile fish are able to swim freely (Smith et al 2004; Nelson et al 2016; Li et al 2017, 2020a). The subfamily Acheilognathinae includes 75 species and six valid genera, including Acheilognathus, Paratanakia, Pseudorhodeus, Rhodeus, Sinorhodeus, and Tanakia (Arai and Akai 1988; Chang et al 2014; Li et al 2017, 2020a). All species are distributed in East and Southeast Asian countries (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and Myanmar), except the three Rhodeus species in Europe and adjacent West Asia (Arai et al 2001; Bogutskaya and Komlev 2001; Bohlen et al 2006; Li et al 2017; Bartáková et al 2019)
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