Abstract
The whole mitochondrial genome of the pest fruit fly Bactrocera arecae was obtained from next-generation sequencing of genomic DNA. It had a total length of 15,900 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a non-coding region (A + T-rich control region). The control region (952 bp) was flanked by rrnS and trnI genes. The start codons included 6 ATG, 3 ATT and 1 each of ATA, ATC, GTG and TCG. Eight TAA, two TAG, one incomplete TA and two incomplete T stop codons were represented in the protein-coding genes. The cloverleaf structure for trnS1 lacked the D-loop, and that of trnN and trnF lacked the TΨC-loop. Molecular phylogeny based on 13 protein-coding genes was concordant with 37 mitochondrial genes, with B. arecae having closest genetic affinity to B. tryoni. The subgenus Bactrocera of Dacini tribe and the Dacinae subfamily (Dacini and Ceratitidini tribes) were monophyletic. The whole mitogenome of B. arecae will serve as a useful dataset for studying the genetics, systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the many species of Bactrocera genus in particular, and tephritid fruit flies in general.
Highlights
The whole mitochondrial genome of the pest fruit fly Bactrocera arecae was obtained from nextgeneration sequencing of genomic DNA
B. arecae has not received extensive attention in molecular phylogenetic studies. It was not included in Smith et al.’s study on the phylogenetic relationships among 24 Bactrocera species based on rrnL, cox[2], trnK and trnD genes[4], and Krosh et al.’s study of 125 Dacini species based on rrnL, cox[1], cox[2] and “white-eye” genes[5]
We report here the whole mitogenome of B. arecae determined using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and discuss the molecular phylogeny of Dacini tribe
Summary
Based on rrnL and rrnS genes the subfamily Dacinae was not monophyletic as Procecidochares utilis (Tephritinae subfamily) was sister to the Dacini (Fig. 4). Gene trnI(gat) trnQ(ttg) trnM(cat) nad[2] trnW(tca) trnC(gca) trnY(gta) cox[1] trnL2(taa) cox[2] trnK(ctt) trnD(gtc) atp[8] atp[6] cox[3] trnG(tcc) nad[3] trnA(tgc) trnR(tcg) trnN(gtt) trnS1(gct) trnE(ttc) trnF(gaa) nad[5] trnH(gtg) nad[4] nad4l trnT(tgt) trnP(tgg) nad[6] cob trnS2(tga) nad[1] trnL1(tag) rrnL trnV(tac) rrnS Control region Our finding of B. arecae forming a sister group with B. tryoni and B. minax with B. oleae based on 13 PCGs and 37 mt-genes (Fig. 3, Supplementary Fig. S2) concurred with the phylogeny based on cox[1] sequences[6].
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