Complete Mitochondrial Genome of <italic>Plodia interpunctella</italic> and phylogenetic analysis of Pyraloidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Abstract

Insect mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has been widely used in systematic evolution, population genetics and phylogeographics. Plodia interpunctella is an important stored product pest worldwide. To better understand the phylogeny and evolution of Pyraloidea, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitogenome of P. interpunctella . This mitogenome is 15264 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and a large non-coding region (mitochondrial control region). Comparative mitogenomic analyses reveal that gene arrangement, base composition, codon usage, the sequence and structure of control region, and secondary structures of 22 tRNAs are well conserved within Pyraloidea. Evolutionary pattern analyses show that the evolutionary rates of 13 PCGs differ between Pyralidae and Crambidae. Phylogenetic analyses of nine subfamilies based on 13 PCGs data using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods strongly support the monophyly of each family within Pyraloidea. Within Pyralidae, there is a closer relationship between Phycitinae and Epipaschiinae. Crambidae is composed of two main clades: one clade contains Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae, the other includes Crambinae, Nymphulinae, Scopariinae and Schoenobiinae.