Abstract
The Nam Dinh virus (NDiV) was isolated from Culex quinquefasciatus in Shenzhen, China, for the first time, in 2011. In this study, we characterized the ultrastructure of NDiV, determined its complete genome sequence and made comparisons with other known nidoviruses. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the NDiV strain isolated in China produced viral nucleocapsid-like particles and vesicles in host cells. The extracellular virions were enveloped and were spherical with short spikes. The complete genome sequence of the newly isolated NDiV was submitted to the GenBank database (GenBank accession number KF522691). Sequencing of the viral genome showed that the homologies of NDiV isolated in China and Vietnam were greater than 94.0% and 89.0% at the nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels, respectively. Moreover, gene substitution was detected, whereas insertions and deletions were not. A phylogenetic tree analysis showed that these viruses belong to the genus Alphamesonivirus1 of the family Mesoniviridae. The similarity between the two viruses regarding morphological and molecular biological characteristics indicates that the molecular genetics of NDiV are conservative and that the regional differences are unlikely to have a significant effect. This is the first report of the isolation and complete sequencing of a mesonivirus in mainland China.
Highlights
Nam Dinh virus (NDiV) has been successfully isolated from various mosquito species in Vietnam and the United States
During arbovirus surveillance of mosquitoes in the Longgang District of Shenzhen, China, a total of 18,560 mosquitoes belonging to seven species (Aedes albopictus, Aedes togoi, C. pipiens quinquefasciatus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles minimus and Anopheles anthropophagus) and representing three genera (Aedes, Culex and Anophelinae) were collected
A total of 220 pools containing all the collected mosquitoes and 4 pools of C. pipiens quinquefasciatus collected from hospitals (SZ10618Z/2010.6, SZ11706Z/2011.7) and residential dwellings (SZ11714Z/2011.7, SZ11826Z/2011.8) caused cytopathic effects (CPEs) in C6/36 cells and were positive for the putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of NDiV; they did not cause CPEs in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells
Summary
NDiV has been successfully isolated from various mosquito species in Vietnam and the United States. Further investigations of the various features of the ecology, morphology and molecular biology of this virus are critical www.nature.com/scientificreports/. For an improved understanding of the virus. Studies of NDiV as part of mosquito monitoring programs in a greater number of areas are required to enrich the resources available for such research. During the period from 2009 to 2012, NDiV was isolated from samples of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in Shenzhen China[9]. We report on the successful isolation of the ultrastructure of NDiV for the first time in China and its complete genome sequence. We present comparisons of the nt and amino acid (aa) sequences of NDiV with those of other viruses and a phylogenetic analysis
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