Abstract
BackgroundPseudomonas savastanoi is an important plant pathogen that infects and causes symptoms in a variety of economically important crops, causing considerable loss of yield and quality. Because there has been no research reported to date on bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) plants caused by P. savastanoi and, in particular, no in-depth studies of the complete genome sequence or pathogenic mechanism, long-lasting and environmentally friendly control measures against this pathogen in kiwifruit are lacking. This study therefore has both theoretical value and practical significance.ResultsWe report the complete genome sequence of P. savastanoi strain MHT1, which was first reported as the pathogen causing bacterial canker in kiwifruit plants. The genome consists of a 6.00-Mb chromosome with 58.5% GC content and 5008 predicted genes. Comparative genome analysis of four sequenced genomes of representative P. savastanoi strains revealed that 230 genes are unique to the MHT1 strain and that these genes are enriched in antibiotic metabolic processes and metabolic pathways, which may be associated with the drug resistance and host range observed in this strain. MHT1 showed high syntenic relationships with different P. savastanoi strains. Furthermore, MHT1 has eight conserved effectors that are highly homologous to effectors from P. syringae, Pseudomonas amygdali, and Ralstonia solanacearum strains. The MHT1 genome contains six genomic islands and two prophage sequences. In addition, 380 genes were annotated as antibiotic resistance genes and another 734 as encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes.ConclusionThe whole-genome sequence of this kiwifruit bacterial canker pathogen extends our knowledge of the P. savastanoi genome, sets the stage for further studies of the interaction between kiwifruit and P. savastanoi, and provides an important theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of bacterial canker.
Highlights
Bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is a serious threat to the kiwifruit industry that causes substantial crop losses worldwide [1]
P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi is usually reported as the causal agent of olive (Olea europaea) knot disease, which manifests during rainy months with moderate temperatures (10–20 °C) [9]; P. savastanoi pv. fraxini causes cankers accompanied by excrescences in European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) [10]; P. savastanoi pv. nerii induces knots in oleander (Nerium oleander), olive and ash [9]; P. savastanoi pv. retacarpa induces knots in broom (Retama sphaerocarpa) [9]; Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. mandevillae pv. nov., a clonal pathogen causing an emerging, devastating disease of the Ornamental plant Mandevilla spp. [11]
Here, we reported on the complete genome sequence of the P. savastanoi strain MHT1, isolated from infected kiwifruit plants showing bacterial canker symptoms
Summary
Bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is a serious threat to the kiwifruit industry that causes substantial crop losses worldwide [1]. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/) contains nearly 130 reports of genome assembly and annotation for P. savastanoi strains This increasing amount of information highlights the biodiversity of P. savastanoi strains and has helped facilitate a growing understanding of the pathogen’s underlying pathogenic mechanisms, gene regulatory networks, and evolutionary processes [9, 12, 13]. No genome sequence of a P. savastanoi strain that causes bacterial canker in Actinidia spp. plants is currently available, underscoring the need for a more comprehensive and detailed comparative genomics analysis of P. savastanoi. Because there has been no research reported to date on bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) plants caused by P. savastanoi and, in particular, no in-depth studies of the complete genome sequence or pathogenic mechanism, long-lasting and environmentally friendly control measures against this pathogen in kiwifruit are lacking. This study has both theoretical value and practical significance
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