Abstract
BackgroundIn our previous study, Citrobacter werkmanii BF-6 was isolated from an industrial spoilage sample and demonstrated an excellent ability to form biofilms, which could be affected by various environmental factors. However, the genome sequence of this organism has not been reported so far.ResultsWe report the complete genome sequence of C. werkmanii BF-6 together with the description of the genome features and its annotation. The size of the complete chromosome is 4,929,789 bp with an average coverage of 137×. The chromosome exhibits an average G + C content of 52.0%, and encodes 4570 protein coding genes, 84 tRNA genes, 25 rRNA operons, 3 microsatellite sequences and 34 minisatellite sequences. A previously unknown circular plasmid designated as pCW001 was also found with a length of 212,549 bp and a G + C content of 48.2%. 73.5%, 75.6% and 92.6% of the protein coding genes could be assigned to GO Ontology, KEGG Pathway, and COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups) categories respectively. C. werkmanii BF-6 and C. werkmanii NRBC 105721 exhibited the closest evolutionary relationships based on 16S ribosomal RNA and core-pan genome assay. Furthermore, C. werkmanii BF-6 exhibits typical bacterial biofilm formation and development. In the RT-PCR experiments, we found that a great number of biofilm related genes, such as bsmA, bssR, bssS, hmsP, tabA, csgA, csgB, csgC, csgD, csgE, and csgG, were involved in C. werkmanii BF-6 biofilm formation.ConclusionsThis is the first complete genome of C. werkmanii. Our work highlights the potential genetic mechanisms involved in biofilm formation and paves a way for further application of C. werkmanii in biofilms research.
Highlights
In our previous study, Citrobacter werkmanii BF-6 was isolated from an industrial spoilage sample and demonstrated an excellent ability to form biofilms, which could be affected by various environmental factors
We found that the relative expression levels of bsmA, bssR, bssS, hmsP, and tabA were increased in the two-day old biofilms of C. werkmanii BF-6 (Fig. 5), suggesting that these genes are involved in biofilms formation
We found that the size of the complete chromosome of C. werkmanii BF-6 is 4,929,789 bp with an average G + C content of 52.0%, and encodes 4570 protein coding genes
Summary
Citrobacter werkmanii BF-6 was isolated from an industrial spoilage sample and demonstrated an excellent ability to form biofilms, which could be affected by various environmental factors. Citrobacter belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and some strains of this genus can cause serious opportunistic infections involving the urinary and respiratory tracts [3,4,5]. Cause enteric diseases and may be associated with. Based on their physiological properties, several Citrobacter sp. Through multiple knock-outs of the dha cluster encoding PDO producing enzymes, the concentration of the toxic intermediate 3-HPA in Citrobacter species was reduced to below detection limit and the maximal theoretical PDO yield on glycerol was reached [12, 13]
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