Abstract
Discovery and study of viruses carried by migratory birds are tasks of high importance due to the host’s ability to spread infectious diseases over significant distances. With this paper, we present and characterize the first complete genome sequence of atadenovirus from a tern bird (common tern, Sterna hirundo) preliminarily named tern atadenovirus 1 (TeAdV-1). TeAdV-1 genome is a linear double-stranded DNA molecule, 31,334 base pairs which contain 30 methionine-initiated open reading frames with gene structure typical for Atadenovirus genus, and the shortest known inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) within the Atadenovirus genus consisted of 25 bases. The nucleotide composition of the genome is characterized by a low G + C content (33.86%), which is the most AT-rich genome of known avian adenoviruses within Atadenovirus genus. The nucleotide sequence of the TeAdV-1 genome shows high divergence compared to known representatives of the Atadenovirus genus with the highest similarity to the duck atadenovirus 1 (53.7%). Phylogenetic analysis of the protein sequences of core genes confirms the taxonomic affiliation of the new representative to the genus Atadenovirus with the degree of divergence from the known representatives exceeding the interspecies distance within the genus. Thereby we proposed a novel TeAdV-1 to be considered as a separate species.
Highlights
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are common pathogens capable of replicating in almost all classes of vertebrates [1]
We used the nucleotide sequences of the core genes to construct the phylogeny of Atadenovirus, since we discovered resolution problems at the genus and/or species level while using protein sequences
We identified the entire set of genes conserved for the Adenoviridae family, as well as genus-specific genes typical for Atadenovirus and 8 additional open reading frames (ORFs), the set of which is unique for tern atadenovirus 1 (TeAdV-1)
Summary
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are common pathogens capable of replicating in almost all classes of vertebrates [1]. Members are medium-sized, non-enveloped viruses whose genetic information is contained in a double-stranded DNA molecule of variable size from 26 to 48 kb, the ends of which harbor inverted terminal repeats (ITR) found in all AdVs [3]. The central part of the genome consists of a conservative set of genes encoding household proteins that are necessary for the implementation of the life cycle of the virus. They are required for viral DNA replication (DNA polymeraseDNApol, terminal protein precursor-pTP, DNA-binding protein-DBP), involved in DNA encapsidation (52 K and IVa2 proteins), and building virion architecture (penton base, hexon, fiber, pIIIa, pVI, pVII, pVIII, pX, protease, 100 K protein, and 33 K protein) [4]
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