Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are responsible for causing infantile diarrhea both in humans and animals. The molecular characteristics of lapine RVA strains are only studied to a limited extent and so far G3P[14] and G3P[22] were found to be the most common G/P-genotypes. During the 2012-2013 rotavirus season in Belgium, a G3P[14] RVA strain was isolated from stool collected from a two-year-old boy. We investigated whether RVA/Human-wt/BEL/BE5028/2012/G3P[14] is completely of lapine origin or the result of reassortment event(s). Phylogenetic analyses of all gene segments revealed the following genotype constellation: G3-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M3-A9-N2-T6-E5-H3 and indicated that BE5028 probably represents a rabbit to human interspecies transmission able to cause disease in a human child. Interestingly, BE5028 showed a close evolutionary relationship to RVA/Human-wt/BEL/B4106/2000/G3P[14], another lapine-like strain isolated in a Belgian child in 2000. The phylogenetic analysis of the NSP3 segment suggests the introduction of a bovine(-like) NSP3 into the lapine RVA population in the past 12 years. Sequence analysis of NSP5 revealed a head-to-tail partial duplication, combined with two short insertions and a deletion, indicative of the continuous circulation of this RVA lineage within the rabbit population.
Highlights
Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are enteric pathogens and a leading cause of severe diarrhea in human infants, as well as in young animals worldwide [1,2]
The genotype constellation of BE5028 was compared to RVAs isolated from a rabbit (30–96) and a human (B4106) with a typical lapine genotype constellation, in this manuscript further referred to as lapine and lapine-like RVAs
G3P[14] RVAs (N5 and RCH272), and K1130027, another RVA strain isolated from a rabbit
Summary
Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are enteric pathogens and a leading cause of severe diarrhea in human infants, as well as in young animals worldwide [1,2]. The rotavirus genome consists of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA encoding six structural viral proteins (VP1 to VP4, VP6, and VP7) and six nonstructural viral proteins (NSP1 to NSP6) [3,4]. The infectious virion consists of three concentric protein layers that surround the gene segments. VP7 (Glycoprotein) and VP4 (Protease sensitive protein) are the outer capsid proteins involved in a dual-classification system determining the G- and. RVAs are classified into at least 27 G- and 37 P-genotypes [5,6]. A new classification system that takes into account all 11 segments was introduced in 2008. The nomenclature Gx-P[x]-Ix-Rx-Cx-Mx-Ax-Nx-Tx-Ex-Hx represents the genotypes of the VP7-VP4-VP6-VP1-VP2-VP3-NSP1-NSP2-NSP3-NSP4-NSP5 encoding gene segments, respectively [7]
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