Abstract
Teucrium is one of the most economically and ecologically important genera in the Lamiaceae family; however, it is currently the least well understood at the plastome level. In the current study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of T. stocksianum subsp. stenophyllum R.A.King (TSS), T. stocksianum subsp. stocksianum Boiss. (TS) and T. mascatense Boiss. (TM) through next-generation sequencing and compared them with the cp genomes of related species in Lamiaceae (Ajuga reptans L., Caryopteris mongholica Bunge, Lamium album L., Lamium galeobdolon (L.) Crantz, and Stachys byzantina K.Koch). The results revealed that the TSS, TS and TM cp genomes have sizes of 150,087, 150,076 and 150,499 bp, respectively. Similarly, the large single-copy (LSC) regions of TSS, TS and TM had sizes of 81,707, 81,682 and 82,075 bp, respectively. The gene contents and orders of these genomes were similar to those of other angiosperm species. However, various differences were observed at the inverted repeat (IR) junctions, and the extent of the IR expansion into ψrps19 was 58 bp, 23 bp and 61 bp in TSS, TS and TM, respectively. Similarly, in all genomes, the pbsA gene was present in the LSC at varying distances from the JLA (IRa-LSC) junction. Furthermore, 89, 72, and 92 repeats were identified in the TSS, TM and TS cp genomes, respectively. The highest number of simple sequence repeats was found in TSS (128), followed by TS (127) and TM (121). Pairwise alignments of the TSS cp genome with related cp genomes showed a high degree of synteny. However, relatively lower sequence identity was observed when various coding regions were compared to those of related cp genomes. The average pairwise divergence among the complete cp genomes showed that TSS was more divergent from TM (0.018) than from TS (0.006). The current study provides valuable genomic insight into the genus Teucrium and its subspecies that may be applied to a more comprehensive study.
Highlights
Lamiaceae is one of the largest families in the plant kingdom and comprises 240 genera and almost 72,000 species, which are distributed all over the world (Harley et al, 2004; Salmaki et al, 2016)
The sizes of the Teucrium stocksianum subsp. stenophyllum (TSS), Teucrium stocksianum subsp. stocksianum (TS) and Teucrium mascatense (TM) cp genomes are 150,087, 150,076 and 150,499 bp, respectively (Fig. 1 and Fig. S1). These cp genomes were compared with five related cp genomes with sizes ranging from 149,749 (S. byzantina) (Welch et al, 2016) to 151,707 bp (C. mongholica) (Table 1)
The total numbers of tRNAs in these genomes are 38 in TSS, 39 in TM and 37 in TS, and these numbers are similar to the numbers found in other cp genomes
Summary
Lamiaceae is one of the largest families in the plant kingdom and comprises 240 genera and almost 72,000 species, which are distributed all over the world (Harley et al, 2004; Salmaki et al, 2016). This genus can be discriminated from closely related taxa by the combination of characteristics such as a 2-lipped to 5-lobed actinomorphic calyx, 1- (or rarely slightly 2-) lipped corolla, and arched or straight filaments (Salmaki et al, 2016). Various factors, such as species richness, high phenotypic plasticity, ploidy variation and widespread distribution, play vital roles in the complexity of Teucrium and make it challenging and attractive for molecular phylogeneticists and systematists (Salmaki et al, 2016)
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