Abstract
Ampelopsis humulifolia (A. humulifolia) and Ampelopsis japonica (A. japonica), which belong to the family Vitaceae, are valuably used as medicinal plants. The chloroplast (cp) genomes have been recognized as a convincing data for marker selection and phylogenetic studies. Therefore, in this study we reported the complete cp genome sequences of two Ampelopsis species. Results showed that the cp genomes of A. humulifolia and A. japonica were 161,724 and 161,430 bp in length, respectively, with 37.3% guanine-cytosine (GC) content. A total of 114 unique genes were identified in each cp genome, comprising 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. We determined 95 and 99 small sequence repeats (SSRs) in A. humulifolia and A. japonica, respectively. The location and distribution of long repeats in the two cp genomes were identified. A highly divergent region of psbZ (Photosystem II reaction center protein Z) -trnG (tRNA-Glycine) was found and could be treated as a potential marker for Vitaceae, and then the corresponding primers were designed. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis showed that Vitis was closer to Tetrastigma than Ampelopsis. In general, this study provides valuable genetic resources for DNA barcoding marker identification and phylogenetic analyses of Ampelopsis.
Highlights
The Ampelopsis comprises approximately thirty species that are distributed in Asia, North America, and Central America, mainly distributed in hilly land, bush or meadow at an approximate altitude of100–1100 m above sea level [1]
The cp genomes of A. humulifolia and A. japonica were 161,724 and 161,430 bp in length, respectively. Both species exhibited a typical quadripartite structure built with four regions: large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) (Figure 1): Two single-copy regions (LSC 89,650 and 89,626 bp, SSC 19,032 and 18,977 bp in A. humulifolia and A. japonica, respectively) separated by a pair of IRs (26,521 and 26,413 bp in A. humulifolia and A. japonica, respectively) (Figure 1 and Table 1)
The cp genome features of A. humulifolia and A. japonica were consistent with another Ampelopsis species in terms of genomic structure [8]
Summary
The Ampelopsis comprises approximately thirty species that are distributed in Asia, North America, and Central America, mainly distributed in hilly land, bush or meadow at an approximate altitude of100–1100 m above sea level [1]. The Ampelopsis comprises approximately thirty species that are distributed in Asia, North America, and Central America, mainly distributed in hilly land, bush or meadow at an approximate altitude of. A. humulifolia and A. japonica have high medicinal value, and the whole body or the dried roots of two plants are frequently used to treat inflammation in China [1,2]. A. japonica possesses antimicrobial activity, antitumor activity, immunomodulatory, and excitatory function [3,4,5]. Thanks to the development of generation sequencing technologies, the attention of plant molecular research has been increasing in recent years [6,7]. The literature report of the chloroplast (cp) genome from the Ampelopsis is extremely scarce.
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