Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Sonchus brachyotus Helps to Elucidate Evolutionary Relationships with Related Species of Asteraceae.

Caixiang Wang,Yue Su,Xiaoyu Xie,Junji Su,Meili Li,Juanjuan Liu

doi:10.1155/2021/9410496

Abstract

Sonchus brachyotus DC. possesses both edible and medicinal properties and is widely distributed throughout China. In this study, the complete cp genome of S. brachyotus was sequenced and assembled. The total length of the complete S. brachyotus cp genome was 151,977 bp, including an LSC region of 84,553 bp, SSC region of 18,138 bp, and IR region of 24,643 bp. Sequence analyses revealed that the cp genome encoded 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The GC content was 37.6%. One hundred mononucleotide microsatellites, 4 dinucleotide microsatellites, 67 trinucleotide microsatellites, 4 tetranucleotide microsatellites, and 1 long repeat were identified. The SSR frequency of the LSC region was significantly greater than that of the IR and SSC regions. In total, 175 SSRs and highly variable regions were recognized as potential cp markers. By analyzing the IR/LSC and IR/SSC boundaries, structural differences between S. brachyotus and 6 other species were detected. According to phylogenetic analyses, S. brachyotus was most closely related to S. arvensis and S. oleraceus. Overall, this study provides complete cp genome resources for S. brachyotus that will be beneficial for identifying potential molecular markers and evolutionary patterns of S. brachyotus and its closely related species.

Highlights

Sonchus L. is a genus of annual, biennial, or perennial herbaceous plants in the Asteraceae (Compositae) family
We explored the presence of various microsatellites in the cp genome of S. brachyotus
The simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in S. brachyotus were distributed in coding regions (46.5%), with much lower numbers distributed in noncoding introns (12.6%) and intergenic regions (41%)

Summary

Introduction

Sonchus L. is a genus of annual, biennial, or perennial herbaceous plants in the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. 8 of the 95 species are distributed throughout China: Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Sonchus brachyotus, Sonchus lingianus, Sonchus oleraceus, Sonchus palustris, Sonchus transcaspicus, and Sonchus uliginosus. They are distributed in Northeast, Northwest, North, Central, and South China and other regions and grow on mountain grassy slopes, roadsides, and fields with very rich resources, according to the Flora of China [4]. A previous study showed that S. brachyotus has antimicrobial activities against several pathogenic microorganisms [8]. Pan et al [11] showed that an extract from S. brachyotus could exhibit antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella

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