Complete chloroplast genome and phylogenetic analysis of Anemone shikokiana.

Abstract

Anemone shikokiana (Makino) Makino, disjunctly distributed in Shandong Peninsula of China and Shikoku Island of Japan, is a rare and endangered species. To provide genetic information and understand its phylogeny, we conducted research on the chloroplast (cp) genome of A. shikokiana. The complete cp genome sequence of A. shikokiana was constructed in this study. The results showed that the cp genome of A. shikokiana has a typical quadripartite cyclic with a total length of 159,286bp. In total, 111 unique genes were identified, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA-coding genes and 4 rRNA-coding genes. A total of 37 long repeat sequences and 67 microsatellites were found in this cp genome. The cp genome of A. shikokiana was compared with eleven other Anemone cp genomes available from the Genbank database. We found some variations among the different genomes, especially in the LSC and SSC regions, and identified some regions as potential molecular markers such as ycf1, ndhE, ndhD, ndhF-trnL, ndhA and ndhF. The results of phylogenetic analysis suggested that A. narcissiflora was the closest relative of A. shikokiana. The results filled the gap of cp genome sequence information of A. shikokiana, laying the foundation to explore the evolutionary relationships of A. shikokiana in future studies. It provided a valuable genetic resource for the molecular identification and phylogenetic study of Anemone.