Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the association between Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) and the primary complete blood count (CBC) parameters in confirmed positive patients. In a retrospective cross‐sectional study, 384 files of patients with confirmed COVID‐19 diagnosis hospitalized at King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, were chosen randomly as a study group for hematological parameters, with another 384 non‐COVID‐19 files of patients without history of any disease which could influence the hematological profile were selected as a control group. The gender, age, and nationality of the control group were matched with those of the study group. Anemia and thrombocytopenia prevalence was significantly higher in COVID‐19 positive patients compared with negative. However, the positive cases were 3.4 times more likely to be anemic and approximately 5.3 times as likely to be thrombocytopenic, while the prevalence of leukopenia showed no statistical significance between the two groups. However, the Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Total White Blood Cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte count, and basophil count median values showed a nonsignificant difference between the two groups. Anemia and thrombocytopenia may be highly developed in severe positive cases, and therefore, further studies are recommended to validate these findings.
Highlights
Over the last two decades, 3 new coronavirus subtypes have emerged, in outbreaks that provoke great concern at a global level
Since the initial reports considering COVID-19 as only pneumonia, accumulated data have revealed that intravascular coagulation and coagulopathy are common in severely infected patients, causing the rise in mortality rate [11, 12]
The gender profile of COVID-19 patients and the control group in this study showed 221 patients (57.6%) were males and 163 (42.4%) were females
Summary
Over the last two decades, 3 new coronavirus subtypes have emerged, in outbreaks that provoke great concern at a global level These are sequentially SARS-COV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, respectively, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome. Patients with severe symptoms, especially those with comorbidities such as chronic diseases, may quickly progress to develop pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome days after the onset of the disease, with an increased mortality rate [8, 9], suggesting that COVID-19 causes a multisystem disorder [10]. Since the initial reports considering COVID-19 as only pneumonia, accumulated data have revealed that intravascular coagulation and coagulopathy are common in severely infected patients, causing the rise in mortality rate [11, 12]. These data suggested that the coagulation pathway is very active in COVID-19-infected individuals [10, 13]
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