Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of the 86-residue heme subunit of flavocytochrome c (sulfide dehydrogenase) from the green phototrophic bacterium Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum strain Tassajara has been determined as follows: APEQSKSIPRGEILSLSCAGCHGTDGKSESIIPTIYGRSAEYIESALLDFKSGA- RPSTVMGRHAKGYSDEEIHQIAEYFGSLSTMNN. The subunit has a single heme-binding site near the N terminus, consisting of a pair of cysteine residues at positions 18 and 21. The out-of-plane ligands are apparently contributed by histidine 22 and methionine 60. The molecular weight including heme is 10,014. The heme subunit is apparently homologous to small cytochromes c by virtue of the location of the heme-binding site and its extraplanar ligands. However, the amino acid sequence is closer to Paracoccus sp. cytochrome c554(548) (37%) than it is to the heme subunit from Pseudomonas putida p-cresol methylhydroxylase flavocytochrome c (20%). The flavocytochrome c heme subunit is only 14% similar to the small cytochrome c555 also found in Chlorobium. Secondary structure predictions suggest N- and C-terminal helices as expected, but the midsection of the protein probably folds somewhat differently from the small cytochromes of known three-dimensional structure such as Pseudomonas cytochrome c551. Analyses of the residues near the exposed heme edges of the cytochrome subunits of P. putida and C. thiosulfatophilum flavocytochromes c (assuming homology to proteins of known structure) indicate that charged residues are not conserved, suggesting that electrostatic interactions are not involved in the association of the heme and flavin subunits. The N-terminal sequence of the flavoprotein subunit of flavocytochrome has also been determined. It shows no similarity to the comparable region of the p-cresol methylhydroxylase flavoprotein subunit from P. putida. The flavin-binding hexapeptide, isolated and sequenced earlier (Kenney, W. C., McIntire, W., and Yamanaka, T. (1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 483, 467-474), is situated at positions 40-46.
Highlights
Complete Amino Acid Sequence of the Cytochrome Subunit and Amino-terminal Sequence of the Flavin Subunit of Flavocytochrome c (Sulfide Dehydrogenase) from Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum*
The amino acid sequence is closer to Paracoccus sp. cytochrome c654~64~) (37%) than it is to the heme subunit from Pseudomonasputidap-cresol methylhydroxylase flavocytochrome c (20%)
Analyses of the residues near the exposed heme edges of the cytochrome subunits of P. putida and C. thiosulfutophilum flavocytochromes c indicate that charged residues are not conserved, suggesting that electrostatic interactions are not involved in the association of the heme and flavin subunits
Summary
The cytochrome subunit of the flavocytochrome complex was obtained by redissolving the trichloroacetic acid precipitate in buffer. The complete sequence of the heme subunit (Fig. 1) was obtained by combining the results of N-terminal sequence analyses of the native protein and of peptides generated by proteolytic cleavage of the carboxymethylated apoprotein with Staphylococcus aureus protease and trypsin and by chemical cleavage with 5% formic acid. ‘The abbreviations used are: HPLC, high pressure liquid chromatography; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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