Abstract
The number of complementizers in any Oceanic language ranges from zero to (at least) five or six. In languages with more than one, the choice of a complementizer is often determined by the higher predicate. However, complementizers may also be independently meaningful, for example, expressing speaker stance. Examples of complementizers expressing speaker stance are given from several languages. Complementizers also participate in polyfunctionality networks, where an etymon that functions as a complementizer has one or more other grammatical functions. Two types of polyfunctionality networks are discussed: complementizer–relativizer–demonstrative and complementizer–protasis marker, both from synchronic and diachronic perspectives.
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