Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of complementary metaresonator for evaluation of vegetable oils in C and X bands. Tremendously increasing technology demands the exploration of complementary metaresonators for high performance in the related bands. This research probes the complementary mirror-symmetric S resonator (CMSSR) that can operate in two bands with compact size and high sensitivity features. The prime motivation behind the proposed technique is to utilize the dual notch resonance to estimate the dielectric constant of the oil under test (OUT). The proposed sensor is designed on a compact 30×25 mm2 and 1.6 mm thick FR-4 substrate. A 50 Ω microstrip transmission line is printed on one side, while a unit cell of CMSSR is etched on the other side of the substrate to achieve dual notch resonance. A Teflon container is attached to CMSSR in the ground plane to act as a pool for the OUT. According to the simulated transmission spectrum, the proposed design manifested dual notch resonance precisely at 7.21 GHz (C band) and 8.97 GHz (X band). A prototype of complementary metaresonator sensor is fabricated and tested using CEYEAR AV3672D vector network analyzer. The comparison of measured and simulated data shows that the difference between the first resonance frequency is 0.01 GHz and the second is 0.04 GHz. Furthermore, a mathematical model is developed for the complementary metaresonator sensor to evaluate dielectric constant of the OUT in terms of the relevant, resonant frequency.
Highlights
Complementary metaresonator-based microwave sensors have high sensitivity, fast response time, broad sensing range, inexpensive fabrication, and high accuracy and are appropriate for diverse climates; these sensors are very popular in research and industrial applications
The development of theoretical and experimental models within the scope of microwave sensing using split-ring resonators (SRRs) and complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) has led to the potential applications for biomedical [11,12], chemical [13,14], and electronic sector [15,16]
An analytical method is proposed in [41] to calculate the dielectric constant and loss tangent of oils based on a CSRR sensor with a resonant frequency of 2.5 GHz and an average sensitivity of 3.58%
Summary
Complementary metaresonator-based microwave sensors have high sensitivity, fast response time, broad sensing range, inexpensive fabrication, and high accuracy and are appropriate for diverse climates; these sensors are very popular in research and industrial applications. An analytical method is proposed in [41] to calculate the dielectric constant and loss tangent of oils based on a CSRR sensor with a resonant frequency of 2.5 GHz and an average sensitivity of 3.58%. In [42], a metamaterial sensor operating at millimeter-wave is designed to evaluate the oils and their chemical characteristics with a frequency shift of 1.12 GHz. A submersible single-port microwave sensor is presented in [43] to evaluate the complex permittivity of oils based on multiple complementary SRR with a resonant frequency of 8.49 GHz and an average sensitivity 7.25%.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
