Compilation of novel and renewed, goal oriented digital soil maps using geostatistical and data mining tools

Abstract

Due to former soil surveys and mapping activities signifi cant amount of soil information has accumulated in Hungary. Present soil data requirements are mainly fulfi lled with these available datasets either by their direct usage or aft er certain specifi c and generally fortuitous, thematic and/or spatial inference. Due to the more and more frequently emerging discrepancies between the available and the expected data, there might be notable imperfection as for the accuracy and reliability of the delivered products. With a recently started project we would like to signifi cantly extend the potential, how soil information requirements could be satisfi ed in Hungary. We started to compile digital soil maps, which fulfi l optimally the national and international demands from points of view of thematic, spatial and temporal accuracy. In addition to the auxiliary, spatial data themes related to soil forming factors and/or to indicative environmental elements we heavily lean on the various national soil databases. The set of the applied digital soil mapping techniques is gradually broadened incorporating and eventually integrating geostatistical, data mining and GIS tools. Regression kriging has been used for the spatial inference of certain quantitative data, like particle size distribution components, rootable depth and organic matt er content. Classifi cation and regression trees were applied for the understanding of the soil-landscape models involved in existing soil maps, and for the post-formalization of survey/compilation rules. The relationships identifi ed and expressed in decision rules made the compilation of spatially refi ned category-type soil maps (like genetic soil type and soil productivity maps) possible with the aid of high resolution environmental auxiliary variables. In our paper, we give a short introduction to soil mapping and information management concentrating on the driving forces for the renewal of soil spatial data infrastructure provided by the framework of Digital Soil Mapping. The fi rst results of DOSoReMI.hu (Digital, Optimized, Soil Related Maps and Information in Hungary) project are presented in the form of brand new national and regional soil maps.