Competitiveness of Superpowers: Impact of Education and Innovations

Abstract

The impact of knowledge determinants on global competitiveness based on multiple criteria assessment methodology and their empirical expert assessment was evaluated taking the comparative expert data of the U.S., Japan, China, and India for a case study. The complex evaluations were determined with an account of the education, knowledge and innovation parameters published in the international reports of the WEF, INSEAD a/o experts. As result of author evaluations was found that differences between the USA and Japan, on the one side, China and India, on other, by GTCI and GII levels are lower than their differences in GDP per capita (PPP). The correlation between GTCI scores and GDP per capita, also between national economic competitiveness and GTC indices is weaker than expected by an approach based on GTCI model. The deep difference in labor productivity per employee was determined by the technical retardation of India and China compared with USA and Japan. At the same time, the differences of superpowers in educating the employable skills are not so significant.