Abstract
BackgroundIn the Niayes area, located in the west of Senegal, only one tsetse species, Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae) was present. The Government of Senegal initiated and implemented an elimination programme in this area that included a sterile insect technique (SIT) component. The G. p. gambiensis strain (BKF) mass-reared at the Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES) in Burkina Faso was used for the SIT component.Methodology/principal findingsStudies conducted in 2011 in four localities in the Niayes area (Pout, Sébikotane, Diacksao Peul and the Parc de Hann) showed that the BKF strain demonstrated inferior survival in the ecosystem of the Parc de Hann, a forested area in the city centre of the capital Dakar. Therefore, G. p. gambiensis flies from the Niayes area (SEN strain) were colonized. Here we compared the competitiveness and survival of the two strains (BKF and SEN) in the Parc de Hann. Released sterile males of the SEN colony showed a daily mortality rate of 0.08 (SD 0.08) as compared with 0.14 (SD 0.08) for the BKF flies but the difference was not significant (p-value = 0.14). However, the competitiveness of the SEN males was lower (0.14 (SD 0.10)) as compared with that of the BKF males (0.76 (SD 0.11)) (p-value < 10−3).Conclusions/significanceBased on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the BKF strain will remain the main strain to be used in the elimination programme. Despite the slightly longer survival of the SEN males in the Parc de Hann, the superior competitiveness of the BKF males is deemed more important for the SIT component, as their shorter survival rates can be easily compensated for by more frequent fly releases.
Highlights
Tsetse flies are the cyclical vectors of several trypanosomes, which cause human African trypanosomosis (HAT or sleeping sickness) and African animal trypanosomosis (AAT or nagana) [1]
Senegal is one of the many African countries infested by tsetse flies responsible for the transmission of trypanosomes to humans and animals, causing health and economic losses
In the Niayes area, located in the west of Senegal, only one tsetse species, Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae) is present, which is targeted by an elimination effort including the sterile insect technique (SIT)
Summary
Tsetse flies are the cyclical vectors of several trypanosomes, which cause human African trypanosomosis (HAT or sleeping sickness) and African animal trypanosomosis (AAT or nagana) [1]. The Niayes area of Senegal, north east of Dakar, was infested by one tsetse species, Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae) [3]. In the 1970s a vector control programme was implemented in the Niayes, successfully suppressing the tsetse population [4] This programme did not rely on area-wide principles and it failed to create a sustainable tsetse-free zone, with the re-introduction of flies from bordering infested areas as a consequence [5,6]. In 2005 the Government of Senegal, receiving financial and technical support from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), and the Department of State of the United States under the Peaceful Uses Initiative (PUI), embarked on a tsetse eradication programme under the umbrella of the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC). The G. p. gambiensis strain (BKF) mass-reared at the Centre International de Recherche-Developpement sur l’Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES) in Burkina Faso was used for the SIT component
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