Competitive interactions for foraging microhabitats in a size-structured interspecific dominance hierarchy of two sympatric stream salmonids in a natural habitat

Abstract

Aggressive interactions, foraging behaviour, microhabitats, and growth of individuals of two sympatric stream-dwelling salmonids, white-spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis) and masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou), were studied in a mountain stream in central Japan. The fishes within a single pool in the stream formed an interspecific size-structured dominance hierarchy. Dominant individuals of both species maintained foraging territories against both subordinate conspecifics and heterospecifics, whereas subordinate charr adopted nonterritorial tactics. In each species, the most dominant fish usually held the focal point nearest to the pool inlet, which ensured priority of access to drifting food, with subordinates distributed farther downstream. Foraging microhabitats differed vertically in the water column between the two species, charr utilizing a home range near the stream bed and salmon occupying the midlayer. The frequency of foraging attempts by salmon was considerably higher than that by charr. Although daily body mass increments of dominant individuals were significantly larger than those of conspecific subordinates in each species, those of some subordinate salmon exceeded those of dominant charr.